Scientific research continues to drive advancements that shape the world we live in today. In the field of bioscience, filtration processes are generally categorized into three major types: purification and sterilization, storage, and isolation.

For purification and sterilization, a buffer solution is pushed through filtration media with pores that are 0.22 µm or smaller. This process captures microorganisms and other contaminants, resulting in a solution that is free of impurities.

When filtering proteins for DNA or RNA extraction, these proteins are typically diluted in a buffer solution. However, such solutions can destabilize the protein samples and occupy significant storage space in a laboratory. To enhance stability and reduce storage requirements, the buffers can be concentrated through filtration.

In isolation applications, a buffer solution is filtered through a membrane filter using vacuum-assisted filtration. This technique draws the buffer through the filter, allowing the test media to retain specific desired particulate matter for growing cultures or for direct examination.

These filtration processes are employed daily in laboratories worldwide for biochemistry, pharmaceutical development, diagnostic testing, and genetic research.